or therapeutic medical strategies. However, the ESC Guidelines do not override in any way
whatsoever the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and …

Background Chronic pain patients increasingly seek treatment through mindfulness
meditation. Purpose This study aims to synthesize evidence on efficacy and safety of …

Cardiac parasympathetic activity may be non-invasively investigated using heart rate
variability (HRV), although HRV is not widely accepted to reflect sympathetic activity …

This article evaluates the suitability of low frequency (LF) heart rate variability (HRV) as an
index of sympathetic cardiac control and the LF/high frequency (HF) ratio as an index of …

Although analysis of heart rate variability is widely used for the assessment of autonomic
function, its fundamental framework linking low-frequency and high-frequency components …

It is generally accepted that the activities of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which
consists of the sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous systems (PNS), are …

Components of heart rate variability have attracted considerable attention in psychology and
medicine and have become important dependent measures in psychophysiology and …

Over the last 20 years, heart rate monitors (HRMs) have become a widely used training aid
for a variety of sports. The development of new HRMs has also evolved rapidly during the …

Background The increase in heart rate that accompanies exercise is due in part to a
reduction in vagal tone. Recovery of the heart rate immediately after exercise is a function of …

This review examines how the sympathetic nervous system plays a major role in the
regulation of cardiovascular function over multiple time scales. This is achieved through …