PD1 was originally discovered in 1992 as a molecule associated with activation-induced cell
death in T cells. Over the past 30 years, it was found that PD1 has a critical role in avoiding …

The treatment landscape of driver-negative non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is rapidly
evolving. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors, specifically those targeting PD-1 or PD-L1, have …

Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy has become a promising therapeutic
strategy with encouraging therapeutic outcomes due to their durable anti-tumor effects …

Naive T cells are actively maintained in a quiescent state that promotes their survival and
persistence. On antigen stimulation, T cells exit quiescence to initiate clonal expansion and …

Immune checkpoint blockade is able to induce durable responses across multiple types of
cancer, which has enabled the oncology community to begin to envision potentially curative …

Harnessing an antitumor immune response has been a fundamental strategy in cancer
immunotherapy. For over a century, efforts have primarily focused on amplifying immune …

Cancer immunotherapies provide survival benefits in responding patients, but many patients
fail to respond. Identifying the biology of treatment response and resistance are a priority to …

Although T lymphocytes have long been appreciated for their role in the immunosurveillance
of cancer, it has been the realization that cancer cells may ultimately escape a response …

The release of negative regulators of immune activation (immune checkpoints) that limit
antitumor responses has resulted in unprecedented rates of long-lasting tumor responses in …

Therapeutic reinvigoration of tumor-specific T cells has greatly improved clinical outcome in
cancer. Nevertheless, many patients still do not achieve durable benefit. Recent evidence …