The last ten years of attention research have witnessed a revolution, replacing a theoretical
dichotomy (top-down vs. bottom-up control) with a trichotomy (biased by current goals …

While often seeming to investigate rather different problems, research into value-based
decision making and cognitive control have historically offered parallel insights into how …

Attention is biased toward stimuli that have been associated with aversive outcomes in the
past. This bias has previously been interpreted as reflecting automatic orienting toward …

The human prefrontal cortex contains two prominent areas, the frontal eye field and the
inferior frontal junction, that are crucially involved in the orchestrating functions of attention …

We make complex decisions using both fast judgments and slower, more deliberative
reasoning. For example, during value-based decision-making, animals make rapid value …

Reward learning is key to survival for individuals. Attention plays an important role in the
rapid recognition of reward cues and establishment of reward memories. Reward history …

Attention helps us to be aware of the external world, and this may be especially important
when a threat stimulus predicts an aversive outcome. Electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha …

Reward history, physical salience, and task relevance all influence the degree to which a
stimulus competes for attention, reflecting value-driven, stimulus-driven, and goal-contingent …

Previous studies have indicated that both increased physical salience and increased reward-
value salience of a target improve behavioral measures of attentional selection. It is unclear …

Although humans can voluntarily direct their attention to particular stimuli, attention can at
times be involuntarily allocated to stimuli and such attentional capture can result in …