We review the recent literature on financing biomedical innovation, with a specific focus on
the drug development process and how it may be enhanced to improve outcomes. We begin …

Biomedical innovation has become riskier, more expensive and more difficult to finance with
traditional sources such as private and public equity. Here we propose a financial structure …

Importance The US medical device market is the world's largest, but estimates of the cost to
bring a medical device to market are not available to help inform policy making and …

How does common ownership affect innovation? We study this question using project-level
data on pharmaceutical startups and their venture capital (VC) investors. We find that …

A pioneering exploration of the defining traits and contradictions of our relationship to the
future through the lens of discounting Forest fires, droughts, and rising sea levels beg a …

Importance Government and the pharmaceutical industry make substantive contributions to
pharmaceutical innovation. This study compared the investments by the National Institutes of …

The development of disease‐modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) faces a
number of barriers. Among these are the lack of surrogate biomarkers, the exceptional size …

Highlights•Drug discovery is more likely to succeed with multiple shots on goal.•Higher
success rates imply much lower risk to investors.•Lower risk will draw more funding for …

We study the impact of regulating product entry and quality information requirements on an
oligopoly equilibrium and consumer welfare. Product testing can reduce consumer …

Generic drugs are sold at a fraction of the original brand price. Yet, generic entry typically
produces a drop in the quantity market share of the molecule losing exclusivity. This effect is …