Background Pretreatment drug resistance in people initiating or re-initiating antiretroviral
therapy (ART) containing non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) might …

Background: HIV-1 strains have diversified extensively through mutation and recombination
since their initial transmission to human beings many decades ago in Central Africa in the …

Background There are few data on the epidemiology of primary HIV-1 drug resistance after
the roll-out of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to assess the …

The increasing prevalence of acquired and transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance is an obstacle
to successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) …

HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance (TDR) could reverse the gains of antiretroviral rollout. To
ensure that current first-line therapies remain effective, TDR levels in recently infected …

According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, 33.4 million people were infected
with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 globally at the end of 2008. 1 Sub …

HIV-1 drug resistance has the potential to seriously compromise the effectiveness and
impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART). As ART programs in sub-Saharan Africa continue to …

As more human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients access combination
antiretroviral therapy (cART), higher proportions of newly infected patients may be infected …

Background HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) poses a threat to the HIV epidemic control in
Zambia especially in sub-populations such as the 15–24 years where there is poor …

Background Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (InSTI)-based regimens have become the
major first-line treatment for HIV-1-infected patients in Taiwan. Transmitted drug resistance …