The blood–brain barrier, which is formed by tightly interconnected microvascular endothelial
cells, separates the brain from the peripheral circulation. Together with other central nervous …

Infections remain the most common cause of death after traumatic spinal cord injury, likely
due to a developing immune deficiency syndrome. This, together with a somewhat …

Intrathecal synthesis of central nervous system (CNS)-reactive autoantibodies is observed
across patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE), who show multiple residual …

Background and purpose Autoantibodies have been found to contribute to pathology and
are used in the diagnosis of some neurological diseases. We examined the prevalence of …

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a
demyelinating disorder, distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica …

It is now 60 years since Ian Mackay and Macfarlane Burnet published their seminal text “The
Autoimmune Diseases” in which they examined the full scope of human inflammatory …

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a group of inflammatory conditions that can associate with
the presence of antibodies directed to neuronal intracellular, or cell surface antigens. These …

Background The pathogenicity of NR1-IgGs in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-
antibody encephalitis is known, but the immunobiological mechanisms underlying their …

There are significant variations in pathogenicity among different virulent strains of the
Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Virulent NDV typically induces severe pathological changes …

Background: Certain aAutoimmune diseases exhibit heterogenous dysregulation of pro-
inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, akin to the pathophysiology of …