Intestinal microenvironment dysbiosis is one of the major causes of diseases, such as
obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer. Microbiota-based …

Bacteria release extracellular vesicles (EVs) known as bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs)
during their normal growth. Gram-negative bacteria produce BMVs termed outer membrane …

Recently, the interest in extracellular vesicles released by bacteria has rapidly increased.
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) have been involved in bacteria‐bacteria and bacteria …

The growth of antibiotic resistance has stimulated interest in understanding the mechanisms
by which antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) are mobilized. Among them, studies analyzing …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by Gram-negative bacteria package various
cargo, including DNA that can be transferred to other bacteria or to host cells. OMV …

Dissemination of hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP)
has been reported worldwide, posing a serious threat to antimicrobial therapy and public …

Extra-intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is defined as an extra-intestinal
foodborne pathogen, and several dominant sequence types (STs) ExPEC isolates are highly …

The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) has become a global health threat due to the
increasing unnecessary use of antibiotics. Multidrug resistant bacteria occur mainly by …

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanometer-scale, spherical vehicles
released by Gram-negative bacteria into their surroundings throughout growth. These OMVs …

Clonal transmission and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) contribute to the spread of
vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in global healthcare. Our study investigated …