Immunopeptides have low toxicity, low immunogenicity and targeting, and broad application
prospects in drug delivery and assembly, which are diverse in application strategies and …

Cancer therapeutic vaccine can induce antigen-specific immune response, which has
shown great potential in cancer immunotherapy. As the key factor of vaccine, antigen plays a …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the global pandemic caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, has caused millions of infections and …

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is responsible for all cases of cervical cancer. While
prophylactic vaccines are available, the development of peptide-based vaccines as a …

Currently, there are two vaccines based on killed and/or weakened Salmonella bacteria, but
no recombinant vaccine is available for preventing or treating the disease. We used an in …

Avian coccidiosis arises from co-infection involving multiple Eimeria species, which could
give rise to substantial economic losses in the global poultry industry. As a result, multivalent …

Optimal exposure and interaction of subunit antigens with the immune system are crucial for
effective immunity. The epidermis and dermis, which harbor a significant population of …

Intranasal vaccine administration can overcome the disadvantages of injectable vaccines
and present greater efficiency for mass immunization. However, the development of …

Controlled-release systems enhance anti-tumor effects by leveraging local antigen
persistence for antigen-presenting cells (APCs) recruitment and T cell engagement …

Peptide-based vaccines can trigger highly specific immune responses, although peptides
alone are usually unable to confer strong humoral or cellular immunity. Consequently …