Chronic inflammation participates in the progression of multiple chronic diseases, including
obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and DM related complications. Diabetic ulcer, characterized …

Vitamin D is considered an essential micronutrient for human health that is metabolized into
a multifunctional secosteroid hormone. We can synthesize it in the skin through ultraviolet B …

Vitamin D is one significant prohormone substance in human organ systems. It is a steroidal
hormone produced in the skin upon exposure to UVB rays. This paper presents a systematic …

Purpose Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is usually managed by conventional drug
treatment. However, prolonged use of these drugs cause side effects. Gut microbiota may be …

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a common autoimmune disease affecting the thyroid gland,
characterized by lymphocytic infiltration, damage to thyroid cells, and hypothyroidism, and …

Among bone-material qualities, mineralization is pivotal in conferring stiffness and
toughness to the bone. Osteomalacia, a disease ensuing from inadequate mineralization of …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological, immune-mediated demyelinating disease that
affects people in the prime of life. Environmental, infectious, and genetic factors have been …

Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most common medical conditions, with approximately one
billion people having low vitamin D levels. Vitamin D is associated with a pleiotropic effect …

Vitamin D (VitD) and its receptor (VDR) have been intensively investigated in many cancers.
As knowledge for head and neck cancer (HNC) is limited, we investigated the (pre) clinical …

Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that
could impact an individual's health; moreover, the World Health Organization (WHO) has …