Superantigens are unconventional antigens which recognise immune receptors outside
their usual recognition sites eg complementary determining regions (CDRs), to elicit a …

The mechanisms regulating exhaustion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and
responsiveness to PD-1 blockade remain partly unknown. In human ovarian cancer, we …

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare hyperinflammatory disease
occurring several weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The clinical similarities between MIS-C …

The inflammatory activity of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) relies on its capacity to
trigger polyclonal T-cell activation by binding both T-cell receptor (TCR) and costimulatory …

Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome with a high incidence and a weighty economic burden.
The cytokines storm in the early stage and the state of immunosuppression in the late stage …

Staphylococcus aureu s superantigens (SAgs) such as staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA)
and B (SEB) are potent toxins stimulating T cells to produce high levels of inflammatory …

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium that may cause intestinal inflammation
by secreting enterotoxins, which commonly cause food-poisoning and gastrointestinal …

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CART) therapy, administration of certain T cell-agonistic
antibodies, immune check point inhibitors, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by …

Introduction A hallmark of T cell dysregulation during sepsis is the downregulation of
costimulatory molecules. CD28 is one of T cell costimulatory molecules significantly altered …

ABSTRACT Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB), produced by Staphylococcus aureus (S.
aureus), is a powerful superantigen that induces severe immune disruption and toxic shock …