While three-dimensional (3D) printing excels at fabricating static constructs, it fails to
emulate the dynamic behavior of native tissues or the temporal programmability desired for …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) may cause loss of motor and sensory function, autonomic
dysfunction, and thus disrupt the quality of life of patients, leading to severe disability and …

Skin tissue engineering has emerged as a promising field for developing wound dressings
and skin substitutes. Recently, cryogel based scaffolds have gained significant attention due …

Methods and protocols for creating complex 3D cell culture systems have been rapidly
advancing in the past decade from the perspective of biomaterials [1] and structural design …

3D bioprinting techniques enable the precise deposition of living cells, biomaterials, and
biomolecules, emerging as a promising approach for engineering functional tissues and …

Organoids are self-organizing 3D cell culture models that are valuable for studying the
mechanisms underlying both development and disease in multiple species, particularly, in …

Abstract mRNA therapeutics have garnered significant attention in the biomedical realm,
showing immense potential across a spectrum of applications from COVID-19 to cancer …

Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering leverage applied science and engineering
approaches to provide solutions for restoring, replacing, and maintaining the function of …

In the evolving field of genetic medicine, mRNA has emerged as a transformative tool,
indicating a new era of therapeutic strategies [1]. The critical role of mRNA as a transient …