Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious disease of children caused by more
than 20 types of enteroviruses, with most cases recovering spontaneously within …

Senescence of the immune system is characterized by a state of chronic, subclinical, low-
grade inflammation termed 'inflammaging', with increased levels of proinflammatory …

Globally, HIV infection causes significant morbidity and mortality, and is a major public
health problem. Despite the fact that widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has …

Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that play a role in the processing of
proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). The secretion of IL-1β in bovine …

The common human coronavirus (HCoV) exhibits mild disease with upper respiratory
infection and common cold symptoms. HCoV-OC43, one of the HCoVs, can be used to …

Background Influenza virus (IV) is a leading cause of respiratory tract infections, eliciting
responses from key innate immune cells such as Macrophages (MQs), Neutrophils, and …

The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that further regulates cell pyroptosis and
inflammation by activating caspase-1. The assembly and activation of inflammasome are …

Diseases caused by pathogens contribute to molecular adaptations in host immunity. Variety
of viral pathogens challenging animal immunity can drive positive selection diversifying …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV), despite the availability of effective direct-acting antivirals (DAAs)
that clear the virus from> 95% of individuals treated, continues to cause significant health …

Background Sepsis is a major medical condition that contributes to substantial morbidity and
mortality rates worldwide. Research to better understand and manage these complex …