Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL), is a highly malignant T-cell neoplasm caused by
human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), characterized by poor prognosis. Two viral …

Global cancer incidence and mortality are on the rise. Although cancer is fundamentally a
non-communicable disease, a large number of cancers are known to have a viral aetiology …

Human T lymphotropic virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) is a well‐known human oncovirus, associated
with two life‐threatening diseases, adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV‐1 …

Background Immunity against pathogens evolved through complex mechanisms that only for
sake of simplicity are defined as innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Indeed innate and …

Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T cell
leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis …

Human T-cell leukemia viruses type 1 (HTLV-1) and type 2 (HTLV-2) share a common
genome organization and expression strategy but have distinct pathological properties …

Despite being first identified more than three decades ago, the antisense gene asp of HIV-1
remains an enigma. asp is present uniquely in pandemic (group M) HIV-1 strains, and it is …

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, a member of the Retroviridae family, causes a neglected,
silent, persistent infection affecting circa 5 to 10 million people around the world, with …

ABSTRACT Introduction Nearly 2–3% of those 10 to 20 million individuals infected with the
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1); are predisposed to developing HTLV-1 …

Human T-cell Leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
(ATLL), HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and other …