The lung is a primary organ for gas exchange in mammals that represents the largest
epithelial surface in direct contact with the external environment. It also serves as a crucial …

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme2 is the cell surface binding site for the coronavirus SARS‐
CoV‐2, which causes COVID‐19. We propose that an imbalance in the action of ACE1‐and …

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a highly conserved ligand-dependent transcription
factor that senses environmental toxins and endogenous ligands, thereby inducing …

Recent genetic, structural and functional studies have identified the airway and lung
epithelium as a key orchestrator of the immune response. Further, there is now strong …

Chronic lung infections are associated with increased morbidity and mortality for individuals
with underlying respiratory conditions such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive …

The microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of ruminants have a
mutualistic relationship with the host that influences the efficiency and health of the …

Recognizing the respiratory tract as a dynamic and complex ecosystem has enhanced our
understanding of the pathophysiology of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). There is …

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the gene that
codes for the CF trans-membrane conductance regulator. These mutations result in …

Intercellular contacts between epithelial cells are established and maintained by the apical
junctional complexes (AJCs). AJCs conserve cell polarity and build epithelial barriers to …

Acute respiratory infections are amongst the leading causes of childhood morbidity and
mortality globally. Viruses are the predominant cause of such infections, but mixed etiologies …