Planar cell polarity (PCP) is an essential feature of animal tissues, whereby distinct polarity
is established within the plane of a cell sheet. Tissue-wide establishment of PCP is driven by …

Neural tube closure has been studied for many decades, across a range of vertebrates, as a
paradigm of embryonic morphogenesis. Neurulation is of particular interest in view of the …

Spina bifida is a birth defect in which the vertebral column is open, often with spinal cord
involvement. The most clinically significant subtype is myelomeningocele (open spina …

Neural tube defects (NTDs), including spina bifida and anencephaly, are severe birth
defects of the central nervous system that originate during embryonic development when the …

Background Neural tube defects (NTDs) are debilitating birth defects involving the central
nervous system (CNS). Despite recent advances, NTDs represent the second most common …

The formation of the embryonic brain and spinal cord begins as the neural plate bends to
form the neural folds, which meet and adhere to close the neural tube. The neural ectoderm …

The Scribble cell polarity module, comprising Scribbled (Scrib), Discs-large (Dlg) and Lethal-
2-giant larvae (Lgl), has a tumor suppressive role in mammalian epithelial cancers. The …

Spina bifida is the most common congenital defect of the central nervous system which can
portend lifelong disability to those afflicted. While the complete underpinnings of this disease …

Cell motility is a widespread biological property that is best understood in the context of
individual cell migration. Indeed, studies of migration in culture have provided tremendous …

Animal development requires a carefully orchestrated cascade of cell fate specification
events and cellular movements. A surprisingly small number of choreographed cellular …