Neuroinflammation is involved in the onset or progression of various neurodegenerative
diseases. Initiation of neuroinflammation is triggered by endogenous substances (damage …

The blood vessels vascularizing the central nervous system exhibit a series of distinct
properties that tightly control the movement of ions, molecules, and cells between the blood …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents neurotoxic plasma components, blood cells, and
pathogens from entering the brain. At the same time, the BBB regulates transport of …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) allows the brain to selectively import nutrients and energy
critical to neuronal function while simultaneously excluding neurotoxic substances from the …

Depression and fatigue are conditions responsible for heavy global societal burden,
especially in patients already suffering from chronic diseases. These symptoms have been …

Tight junction proteins of the blood–brain barrier are vital for maintaining integrity of
endothelial cells lining brain blood vessels. The presence of these protein complexes in the …

Blood vessels are critical to deliver oxygen and nutrients to all of the tissues and organs
throughout the body. The blood vessels that vascularize the central nervous system (CNS) …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the
pathological accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles …

Abstract Purpose of Review For many years, exercise was controversial in multiple sclerosis
(MS) and thought to exacerbate symptoms and fatigue. However, having been found to be …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are predicted to be the biggest health concern in this
century and the second leading cause of death by 2050. The main risk factor of these …