The original concept of the critical period of thyroid hormone (TH) action on brain
development was proposed to identify the postnatal period during which TH supplement …

Thyroid hormones play a critical role in the metabolic activity of the adult brain, and
neuropsychiatric manifestations of thyroid disease have long been recognised. However, it …

In adult mammals, the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin acts on the brain to reduce food
intake by regulating the activity of neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus …

The fat-derived hormone leptin regulates energy balance in part by modulating the activity of
neuropeptide Y and proopiomelanocortin neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. To …

Thyroid hormones are iodothyronines that control growth and development, as well as brain
function and metabolism. Although thyroid hormone deficiency can be caused by defects of …

Summary Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is a thyroid hormone transporter, the gene
of which is located on the X chromosome. We tested whether mutations in MCT8 cause …

Tanycytes, glial-like cells that line the third ventricle, are emerging as components of the
hypothalamic networks that control body weight and energy balance. They contact the …

Vascular plants have a long-distance transport system consisting of two tissue types with
elongated cell files, phloem and xylem. Phloem has two basic cell types, enucleate sieve …

This article reviews the thyroid system, mainly from a mammalian standpoint. However, the
thyroid system is highly conserved among vertebrate species, so the general information on …

Reproduction of many temperate zone birds is under photoperiodic control. The Japanese
quail is an excellent model for studying the mechanism of photoperiodic time measurement …