Drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is one of the biggest challenges in
modern medicine due to the BBB's highly semipermeable property that limits most …

Living cells continually generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the respiratory
chain during energetic metabolism. ROS at low or moderate concentration can play …

Protein aggregation is an important phenomenon that alternatively is part of the normal
functioning of nature or, central to this review, has negative consequences via its …

High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) is now materialized. It allows direct
visualization of dynamic structural changes and dynamic processes of functioning biological …

In the history of science and technology, researchers have always undertaken endeavors to
enhance the degree of “directness of measurement”. With “directness of measurement”, we …

Although neurons attract the most attention in neurobiology, our current knowledge of neural
circuit can only partially explain the neurological and psychiatric conditions of the brain …

Many gene defects are relatively easy to identify experimentally, but obtaining information
about the effects of sequence variations and elucidation of the detailed molecular …

Ginseng is one of the main representatives of traditional Chinese medicine and presents a
wide range of pharmacological actions. Ginsenosides are the main class of active …

Due to the numerous failed clinical trials of anti-amyloid drugs, microtubule associated
protein tau (MAPT) now stands out as one of the most promising targets for AD therapy. In …

Carbon dots (CDs) are one of the most versatile nanomaterials discovered in the 21st
century. They possess many properties and thus hold potentials in diverse applications …