Globally, about 36.7 million people were living with HIV infection at the end of 2015. The
most frequent infection co-occurring with HIV-1 is Mycobacterium tuberculosis—374,000 …

Antiretroviral therapy (ART), while essential in combatting tuberculosis (TB) and HIV
coinfection, is often complicated by the TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory …

Better understanding of the role of opportunistic infections at ART initiation and IRIS
pathogenesis will assist in improved strategies for prevention and treatment. The long-term …

Specific biomarkers would aid in identifying high-risk patients for interventions and a
diagnostic test is needed. Clinicians should consider prednisone for TB-IRIS prevention in …

HIV co-infection is the most critical risk factor for the reactivation of latent tuberculosis (TB)
infection (LTBI). While CD4+ T cell depletion has been considered the major cause of HIV …

In almost one in five HIV/tuberculosis (TB) co-infected patients, initiation of antiretroviral
therapy (ART) is complicated by TB immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) …

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) and AIDS are the leading causes of infectious
disease death worldwide. In some TB-HIV co-infected individuals treated for both diseases …

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) occurs in up to 40% of individuals co-
infected with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and HIV, primarily upon antiretroviral therapy …

Background. The immunopathogenesis of paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune
reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) remains unclear. We determined the …

Role of lncRNAs in human adaptive immune response to TB infection is largely unexplored.
To address this issue, here we characterized lncRNA expression profile in primary human B …