The kidney is innervated with efferent sympathetic nerve fibers that directly contact the
vasculature, the renal tubules, and the juxtaglomerular granular cells. Via specific …

Hypertension represents a major health problem with an appalling annual toll. Despite the
plethora of antihypertensive drugs, hypertension remains resistant in a considerable number …

Methods and apparatus are provided for non-continuous cir cumferential treatment of a body
lumen. Apparatus may be positioned within a body lumen of a patient and may deliver …

Methods and apparatus are provided for renal neuromodulation using a pulsed electric field
to effectuate electroporation or electrofusion. It is expected that renal neuromodulation (eg …

Renal denervation (RDN) has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) and muscle
sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in patients with resistant hypertension. The mechanisms …

Aug. 16, 2007, noW Pat. No. 7,717,948, Which is a(Continued) continuation of application
No. 11/504,117,? led on continuatlon-m-part of apphcation No. 10/408,665,? led on Apr. 8 …

Methods and apparatus are provided for intravascularly-in duced neuromodulation or
denervation. Neuromodulation may be achieved via direct and/or via indirect application of …

Methods and apparatus are provided for renal neuromodulation using a pulsed electric field
to effectuate electroporation or electrofusion. It is expected that renal neuromodulation (eg …

Primary Examiner—Mark W Bockelman Related US Application Data(74) Attorney, Agent, or
Firm—Perkins Coie LLP (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 1 1/129,765,(57) …

Related US Application Data ultrasound, via thermal techniques, etc. Such neuromodula AV
tion may effectuate irreversible electroporation or electrofu (63) Continuation-in-part of …