Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a diverse class of lipid bilayer membrane vesicles
released by both animal and plant cells. These ubiquitous vesicles are involved in …

Immunotherapy is used to regulate systemic hyperactivation or hypoactivation to treat
various diseases. Biomaterial‐based immunotherapy systems can improve therapeutic …

Macrophage immunotherapy is an emerging treatment strategy that modulates the immune
system to promote wound healing. The functionality and regeneration of tissue depend on …

Traditional drug-based treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have significant
limitations due to their potential off-target systemic side-effects. Currently, there is a lack of …

While several artificial nanodrugs have been approved for clinical treatment of breast tumor,
their long-term applications are restricted by unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes, side …

The inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is incurable, chronic, recrudescent disorders in the
inflamed intestines. Current clinic treatments are challenged by systemic exposure-induced …

Natural plants have been gaining increasing attention in biomedical research due to their
numerous benefits. One of the plant's components, plant exosome-derived vesicles, are …

Periodontitis is an infectious oral disease, which leads to the destruction of periodontal
tissues and tooth loss. Although the treatment of periodontitis has improved recently, the …

As a group of chronic and idiopathic gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD) is characterized by recurrent intestinal mucosal inflammation. Oral …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent intestinal disease and includes
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Due to the complex etiology of colitis, the …