Simple Summary Prostate cancer affects men of all racial and ethnic groups and leads to
higher rates of mortality in those belonging to a lower socioeconomic status due to late …

Oncogenic activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B
(PKB/AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a frequent event in …

In less than 10 years, melanoma treatment has been revolutionized with the approval of
tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have been shown to …

AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a conserved sensor of cellular energy change and
is activated by increased AMP/ATP and/or ADP/ATP ratios. AMPK maintains the energy …

MSCs are an extensively used cell type in clinical trials today. The initial rationale for their
clinical testing was based on their differentiation potential. However, the lack of correlation …

ERK1 and ERK2 are related protein-serine/threonine kinases that participate in the Ras-Raf-
MEK-ERK signal transduction cascade. This cascade participates in the regulation of a large …

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are used to selectively inhibit the translation of disease-
associated genes via Ribonuclease H (RNaseH)-mediated cleavage or steric hindrance …

KRAS (kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene) is a member of the RAS family. KRAS mutations
are one of most dominant mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC). The impact of KRAS …

Background Disease progression in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer receiving
trastuzumab might be associated with activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR intracellular …

The serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was initially identified and
studied in the regulation of glycogen synthesis. GSK-3 functions in a wide range of cellular …