SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that emerged in 2019 and is causing the COVID-19
pandemic. There is no current standard of care. Clinicians need to be mindful of the toxicity …

Antiretroviral therapy has changed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from a
near-certainly fatal illness to one that can be managed chronically. More patients are taking …

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimes based on nucleoside reverse
transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) have revolutionized the treatment of AIDS in recent years …

Drug-associated dysfunction of mitochondria is believed to play a role in the etiology of the
various adverse symptoms that occur in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected …

Abstract HIV‐associated neuropathies (HIV‐N) have become the most frequent neurological
disorder associated with HIV infection. The most common forms of HIV‐N are the distal …

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) encompasses a spectrum of clinical disease ranging from
mild biochemical abnormalities to acute liver failure. The majority of adverse liver reactions …

Lactic acidosis in the setting of severe illness has a history dating back into the 1800s when
Johann Joseph Scherer first measured lactic acid levels in postmortem blood from two …

Incorporation of nucleoside analogues by the mitochondrial DNA polymerase has been
implicated as the primary cause underlying many of the toxic side effects of these drugs in …

Mitochondria, the power houses of the cell, are at the cross-road of many cellular pathways.
They play a central role in energy metabolism, regulate calcium flux and are implicated in …

Rapid progress in the development of highly active antiretroviral therapy has changed the
observed patterns in HIV encephalitis and AIDS‐related CNS opportunistic infections. Early …