In the past 15 years, B cells have been rediscovered to be not merely bystanders but rather
active participants in autoimmune aetiology. This has been fuelled in part by the clinical …

Novel insights from basic and translational studies are reshaping concepts of the
immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and understanding of the different inflammatory …

The success of clinical trials of selective B‐cell depletion in patients with relapsing multiple
sclerosis (MS) and primary progressive MS has led to a conceptual shift in the …

Vitiligo is an autoimmune depigment disease results from extensive melanocytes
destruction. The destruction of melanocyte is thought to be of multifactorial causation …

BACKGROUND Vaccine-elicited adaptive immunity is a prerequisite for control of SARS-
CoV-2 infection. Multiple sclerosis (MS) disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) differentially …

The immune system plays a significant role in multiple sclerosis. While MS was historically
thought to be T cell-mediated, multiple pieces of evidence now support the view that B cells …

CD4+ T helper (Th) cells play central roles in immunity in health and disease. While much is
known about the effector function of Th cells in combating pathogens and promoting …

The origin and function of CD20+ T cells are poorly understood. Here, we characterized
CD20+ T cells in mice and humans and investigated how they are affected by anti-CD20 …

A small proportion of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients develop new disease activity soon after
starting anti-CD20 therapy. This activity does not recur with further dosing, possibly reflecting …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) that is characterised pathologically by demyelination, gliosis, neuro-axonal damage …