Extracellular vesicles have emerged as prominent regulators of the immune response
during tumor progression. EVs contain a diverse repertoire of molecular cargo that plays a …

Immunotherapy is used to regulate systemic hyperactivation or hypoactivation to treat
various diseases. Biomaterial‐based immunotherapy systems can improve therapeutic …

Since cancer stem cells (CSCs) were first identified in leukemia in 1994, they have been
considered promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. These cells have self-renewal …

Exosomes belong to a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles secreted by the dynamic
multistep endocytosis process and carry diverse functional molecular cargoes, including …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a novel cell‐free strategy for the treatment of
many diseases including cancer. As a result of their natural properties to mediate cell‐to‐cell …

Advanced treatments based on immune system manipulation, gene transcription and
regulation, specific organ and cell targeting, and/or photon energy conversion have …

As crucial antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) play a vital role in tumor
immunotherapy. Taking into account the many recent advances in DC biology, we discuss …

Despite multiple immunotherapeutic technologies that achieve potent T cell activation,
effector T cells still lack efficiency because of the highly immunosuppressive conditions in …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are
nanosized membrane vesicles derived from most cell types. Carrying diverse biomolecules …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by most cell types as part of an intracellular
communication system in crucial processes such as inflammation, cell proliferation, and …