Nitrous oxide (N2O) contributes∼ 6% of the total radiative forcing from long‐lived
greenhouse gases. While tropospheric concentrations have increased by 20% since the …

As climate change brings reduced sea ice cover and longer ice-free summers to the Arctic,
northern Canada is experiencing an increase in shipping and industrial activity in this …

A new Gibbs thermodynamic potential function of ice Ih is proposed to extend and improve
already existing ones and to unify various data and formulas for thermodynamic equilibrium …

The retention of salts in laboratory-grown ice was compared to the retention of extracellular
polysaccharide substances (EPS) produced by the cold-adapted marine …

Diversity and distribution of ice amphipods were determined in drifting sea ice around
Svalbard during May–August 2003–2005. Sea-ice concentrations were determined visually …

Bacterial communities in Arctic sea ice play an important role in the regulation of nutrient
and energy dynamics in the Arctic Ocean. Sea ice has vertical gradients in temperature …

Pack ice, brines and seawaters were sampled in October 2003 in the East Antarctic sector to
investigate the structure of the microbial communities (algae, bacteria and protozoa) in …

Sub-zero winter temperatures on the Yellowstone Plateau alter the opal-A precipitation
pathway of fluid erupting from hot springs and geysers. Frozen fluid, often only meters from …

Although algal growth in the iron-deficient Southern Ocean surface waters is generally low,
there is considerable evidence that winter sea ice contains high amounts of iron and organic …

This study examined fluxes across the ice-water interface utilizing the eddy correlation
technique. Temperature eddy correlation systems were used to determine rates of ice …