The development of culture-independent techniques for microbiological analysis has
uncovered the previously unappreciated complexity of the bacterial microbiome at various …

Sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous disease in terms of presentation, duration, and severity. Due
to this heterogeneity, it is difficult to align treatment decisions. Biomarkers have proved to be …

Tuberculosis (TB) in humans is characterized by formation of immune-rich granulomas in
infected tissues, the architecture and composition of which are thought to affect disease …

Granulomas are lumps of immune cells that can form in various organs. Most granulomas
appear unstructured, yet they have some resemblance to lymphoid organs. To better …

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown cause. Sarcoidosis involving
the heart, ie, cardiac sarcoidosis, affects the prognosis of patients significantly as it may lead …

Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder that is commonly treated with
glucocorticoids. An imprecise understanding of the immunologic changes underlying …

Systemic immune-mediated diseases (SIDs) include autoimmune and autoinflammatory
diseases (AD) affecting at least two-organ systems. 1 Autoinflammatory diseases refer to a …

Uveitis is a group of diseases characterized by intraocular inflammation, of which some are
driven by autoinflammatory or autoimmune responses, such as Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada …

Rationale: Pulmonary sarcoidosis is classically defined by T-helper (Th) cell type 1
inflammation (eg, IFN-γ production by CD4+ effector T cells). Recently, IL-17A–secreting …

The recent discovery of a new CD4+ T cell subset, Th17, has transformed our understanding
of the pathogenetic basis of an increasing number of chronic immune-mediated diseases …