By definition, instrumental actions are performed in order to obtain certain goals.
Nevertheless, the attainment of goals typically implies obstacles, and response vigor is …

Objectives To determine whether intervention‐induced physical activity (PA) changes in
sedentary older adults differed according to dopamine‐related genotype. Design …

Five years ago, we introduced the thrift hypothesis of dopamine (DA), suggesting that the
primary role of DA in adaptive behavior is regulating behavioral energy expenditure to …

Background Addictive-like behaviors (eg, hoarding and shopping) may be the result of the
cumulative effects of dopaminergic and other neurotransmitter genetic variants as well as …

Introduction: Obesity is one of the risk factors that cause degenerative diseases such as
diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and hypertension. The cause of obesity is an …

The kallikrein–kinin system is a versatile regulatory network implicated in various biological
processes encompassing inflammation, nociception, blood pressure control, and central …

Dopamine D2 receptors are expressed on microglial in the central nervous system and
promote anti-inflammatory responses. Little work has been done on the interaction between …

Background Risperidone has been significant correlated with a direct effect of interleukin-6
(IL-6) levels in patients with schizophrenia. This fact allows the opportunity to link the …

Objectives The beneficial effects of a physically active lifestyle in aging are well
documented. Understanding the factors of importance for physical activity in older adults are …

BACKGROUND The dopamine system contributes to a multitude of functions ranging from
reward and motivation to learning and movement control, making it a key component in goal …