New methods and technologies within the field of lung biology are beginning to shed new
light into the microbial world of the respiratory tract. Long considered to be a sterile …

The gut and lungs are anatomically distinct, but potential anatomic communications and
complex pathways involving their respective microbiota have reinforced the existence of a …

The healthy lung was long thought of as sterile, but recent advances using molecular
sequencing approaches have detected bacteria at low levels. Healthy lung bacteria largely …

Interspecies transmissions of viruses between animals and humans may result in
unpredictable pathogenic potential and new transmissible diseases. This mechanism has …

The microbiota is vital for the development of the immune system and homeostasis.
Changes in microbial composition and function, termed dysbiosis, in the respiratory tract and …

The lungs were long thought to be sterile until technical advances uncovered the presence
of the lung microbial community. The microbiome of healthy lungs is mainly derived from the …

Rationale: Understanding the role of the airway microbiome in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) inflammatory endotypes may help to develop microbiome …

Although the notion that “the normal lung is free from bacteria” remains common in
textbooks, it is virtually always stated without citation or argument. The lungs are constantly …

Microaspiration is a common phenomenon in healthy subjects, but its frequency is increased
in chronic inflammatory airway diseases, and its role in inflammatory and immune …

Host–microorganism interactions shape local cell functionality, immune responses, and can
influence disease development. Evidence indicates that the impact of host–microbe …