Capsaicin, the pungent ingredient in chili peppers, produces intense burning pain in
humans. Capsaicin selectively activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) …

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is an ion channel expressed on sensory
neurons triggering an influx of cations. TRPV1 receptors function as homotetramers …

Background During the inflammation which occurs following nerve damage, macrophages
are recruited to the site of injury. Phenotypic diversity is a hallmark of the macrophage …

Neuropathic pain (NP) results from injury to or disease of the somatosensory system. It is
estimated that approximately 7% to 10% of the population and 25% to 30% of individuals …

This paper is the thirty-ninth consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2016 …

Humans have used opioids to suppress moderate to severe pain for thousands of years.
However, the long-term use of opioids has several adverse effects, such as opioid tolerance …

Neuropathic pain is maladaptive pain caused by injury or dysfunction in peripheral and
central nervous system, and remains a worldwide thorny problem leading to decreases in …

Antinociceptive pathways are activated in the periphery in inflammatory pain, for instance
resolvins and opioid peptides. Resolvins are biosynthesized from omega-3 polyunsaturated …

Vincristine is one of the most common anticancer drugs clinically employed in the treatment
of various malignancies. A major side effect associated with vincristine is the development of …

Diosmetin is an O‑methylated flavone found naturally in citrus fruit, and it was identified in
Amphilophium crucigerum (L.), a plant popularly used as an analgesic. This compound had …