Fluorescence imaging technology has gradually become a new and promising tool for in
vivo visualization detection. Because it can provide real-time sub-cellular resolution imaging …

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder which can lead to severe complications and affect
all vital organs. The occurrence of complications due to diabetes can be prevented by …

Fluorescent imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR II, 1–1.4 μm) holds much
promise due to minimal autofluorescence and tissue scattering. Here, using well …

The development of optical methods in modern medicine in the areas of diagnostics,
therapy, and surgery has stimulated the investigation of optical properties of various …

We present a review of short-wave infrared (SWIR, defined here as∼ 1000 to 2000 nm)
spectroscopy and imaging techniques for biological tissue optical property characterization …

Soon after the invention of the pulsed ruby laser by Maiman in 1960, investigators were
eager to examine the potential of pulsed laser radiation for medical applications. It was …

The optical properties of human skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue and human mucosa
were measured in the wavelength range 400–2000 nm. The measurements were carried out …

The use of low levels of visible or near infrared light for reducing pain, inflammation and
edema, promoting healing of wounds, deeper tissues and nerves, and preventing tissue …

Differences in absorption and/or scattering of cancerous and normal skin have the potential
to provide a basis for noninvasive cancer detection. In this study, we have determined and …

Refractive index (RI) is a characteristic optical variable that controls the propagation of light
in the medium (eg, biological tissues). Basic research with the aim to investigate the RI of …