The immunomodulatory effects of the IL-27 and IL-33 and the anti-inflammatory effects of
ginger have been reported in some studies. The aim was to evaluate the effects of the ginger …

This chapter introduces some types of animal models which are used for better
understanding the disease mechanisms and its treatment. These experimental models fall …

The advent of cellular reprogramming technology converting somatic cells into induced
pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has revolutionized our understandings of neurodegenerative …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the CNS for which
only partially effective therapies exist. Intense research defining the underlying immune …

Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in regulating neuroinflammatory and
demyelinative responses in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its mouse model of experimental …

Recent findings showing that epidermal growth factor (EGF) is significantly decreased in the
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and spinal cord (SC) of living or deceased multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Approximately half of all patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience cognitive
dysfunction, including learning and memory impairment. Recent studies suggest that …

Abstract HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) is a common manifestation of
HIV infection that afflicts about 50% of HIV-positive individuals. As people with access to …

Multiple sclerosis is the most common autoimmune inflammatory and demyelinating disease
of the central nervous system. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an …

Although Fasudil has shown therapeutic potential in EAE mice, the mechanism of action are
still not fully understood. Here, we examined the immunomodulatory effect of Fasudil on …