Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent disorder of brain-gut interactions that
affects between 5 and 10% of the general population worldwide. The current symptom …

The glial cell of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the Schwann cell (SC), counts among
the most multifaceted cells of the body. During development, SCs secure neuronal survival …

Mechanisms resulting in abdominal pain include altered neuro-immune interactions in the
gastrointestinal tract, but the signaling processes that link immune activation with visceral …

The complex bidirectional communication system existing between the gastrointestinal tract
and the brain initially termed the “gut–brain axis” and renamed the “microbiota–gut–brain …

Gastrointestinal (GI) pain—a form of visceral pain—is common in some disorders, such as
irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease and pancreatitis. However, identifying the cause …

Neuropathic pain (NP) is a sustained and nonreversible condition characterized by long-
term devastating physical and psychological damage. Therefore, it is urgent to identify an …

Recent years have seen an evolving appreciation for the role of glial cells in the nervous
system. As we move away from the typical neurocentric view of neuroscience, the complexity …

The enteric nervous system (ENS) constitutes the largest part of the peripheral nervous
system. In recent years, ENS development and its neurogenetic capacity in homeostasis and …

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is defined as the chronic use or misuse of prescribed or illicitly
obtained opioids and is characterized by clinically significant impairment. The etiology of …

Similar to canine inflammatory enteropathy, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic
idiopathic condition characterized by remission periods and recurrent flares in which …