Unprecedented advances have been made in cancer treatment with the use of immune
checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, responses are limited to a subset of patients, and …

The emergence of immunotherapy has been an astounding breakthrough in cancer
treatments. In particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4, have …

INTRODUCTION Immunotherapy targeting the programmed cell death protein–1 (PD-1) axis
elicits durable antitumor responses in multiple cancer types. However, clinical responses …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high prevalence and mortality rate worldwide.
Sorafenib monotherapy has been the standard of first-line treatment for advanced HCC for a …

Under steady-state conditions, bone marrow-derived immature myeloid cells (IMC)
differentiate into granulocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). This differentiation is …

Despite the remarkable success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in melanoma
treatment, resistance to them remains a substantial clinical challenge. Myeloid-derived …

ABSTRACT Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a cell surface receptor that functions as a T cell
checkpoint and plays a central role in regulating T cell exhaustion. Binding of PD-1 to its …

Breast cancer progression is a complex process controlled by genetic and epigenetic factors
that coordinate the crosstalk between tumor cells and the components of tumor …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are generated during tumor progression and
suppress the anti-tumor functions of T and natural killer (NK) cells. Their enrichment is …

Colorectal cancer (CRC), and breast, ovarian, pancreatic and prostate cancers are generally
considered as low immune-reactive cancers that represent either limited infiltration of …