Main conclusion Using late blight resistance genes targeting conservative effectors of
Phytophthora infestans and the constructing gene pyramids may lead to durable, broad …

The global environment is dominated by various small exotic substances, known as
secondary metabolites, produced by plants and microorganisms. Plants and fungi are …

Time is an often-neglected variable in biological research. Plants respond to biotic and
abiotic stressors with a range of chemical signals, but as plants are non-equilibrium systems …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), and in particular H2O2, serve as essential second
messengers at low concentrations. However, excessive ROS accumulation leads to severe …

Organisms regulate gene expression to produce essential proteins for numerous biological
processes, from growth and development to stress responses. Transcription and translation …

Plants deploy extracellular and intracellular immune receptors to sense and restrict
pathogen attacks. Rapidly evolving pathogen effectors play crucial roles in suppressing …

Plant health is of utmost importance for optimal agricultural production and sustainability.
Unfortunately, biotic and abiotic factors put a major constraint on crop safety and …

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes severe yield and economic losses for many crop and
vegetable species, especially Brassica napus. To date, no immune B. napus germplasm has …

Traditional single-point measurements fail to capture dynamic chemical responses of plants,
which are complex, nonequilibrium biological systems. We report TETRIS (t ime-resolved e …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are rounded vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane,
released by eukaryotic cells and by bacteria. They carry various types of bioactive …