Simple Summary Pain is an unpleasant emotional state that produces behavioural changes
to minimize future tissue damage and promote recovery and survival. These behavioural …

Autonomy, meaning freedom from exogenous control, requires independence of both
constitution and cybernetic regulation. Here, the necessity of biological codes to achieve …

Simple Summary The idea that invertebrates feel pain is often dismissed because of claims
that their responses to noxious stimuli are simply reflexes. Reflexes do not require higher …

Simple Summary Simple Summary: Injection of acetic acid into one leg of a crab caused
rubbing of that leg and holding the leg off the floor of a tank. Such activities directed towards …

This report enlists 13 functional conditions cashed out in computational terms that have
been argued to be constituent of conscious valenced experience. These are extracted from …

Some mental states have valence—they are pleasant or unpleasant. According to
imperativism, valence depends on imperative content, while evaluativism tells us that it …

Pre-slaughter mortality of farmed shrimp Page 1 Pre-slaughter mortality of farmed shrimp
March 2024 AUTHORS Hannah McKay — Associate Researcher William McAuliffe — Senior …

Executive summary This is the second report in Rethink Priorities' Shrimp Welfare
Sequence, a series that addresses whether and how to best protect the welfare of shrimp …

Since its first formulation the Integrated Information Theory (IIT) has recently been updated to
the version 4.0. Unlike the previous versions where the problem of free will was completely …

Pain in response to tissue damage functions to change behaviour so that further damage is
minimised whereas healing and survival are promoted. This paper focuses on the …