Increasing evidence corroborates the fundamental role of neuroinflammation in the
development of epilepsy. Proinflammatory cytokines (PICs) are crucial contributors to the …

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide. It is usually identified as a
stimulant because of a high content of caffeine. However, caffeine is not the only coffee …

Astrocytes are key homeostatic regulators in the central nervous system and play important
roles in physiology. After brain damage caused by eg, status epilepticus, traumatic brain …

Background Epilepsy is a common and debilitating consequence of traumatic brain injury
(TBI). Seizures contribute to progressive neurodegeneration and poor functional and …

Cytokines are molecules secreted by peripheral immune cells, microglia, astrocytes and
neurons in the central nervous system. Peripheral or central inflammation is characterized …

Epilepsy is a group of chronic neurological disorders that have diverse etiologies but are
commonly characterized by spontaneous seizures and behavioral comorbidities. Although …

Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine originally identified almost 30 years ago as a B-cell
differentiation factor, capable of inducing the maturation of B cells into antibody-producing …

Inflammatory reactions occur in the brain in various CNS diseases, including autoimmune,
neurodegenerative, and epileptic disorders. Proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines …

A growing body of evidence supports a role for glial-produced neuroimmune factors,
including the cytokine IL-6, in CNS physiology and pathology. CNS expression of IL-6 has …

Recent findings in experimental models and in the clinical setting highlight the possibility
that inflammatory processes in the brain contribute to the etiopathogenesis of seizures and …