Inhibition of immune regulatory checkpoints, such as CTLA-4 and the PD-1-PD-L1 axis, is at
the forefront of immunotherapy for cancers of various histological types. However, such …

Sustained hepatic inflammation is an important factor in progression of chronic liver
diseases, including hepatitis C or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Liver inflammation is …

The inflammatory chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 are predominantly induced
by interferon (IFN)-γ and share an exclusive chemokine receptor named CXC chemokine …

Sixteen years ago, the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Pharmacology
approved a system for naming human seven-transmembrane (7TM) G protein-coupled …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is caused by a novel
betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), similar …

Detection of viruses by innate immune sensors induces protective antiviral immunity. The
viral DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is necessary for detection of HIV by …

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections account for 57% of
cases of liver cirrhosis and 78% of cases of primary liver cancer worldwide and cause a …

SUMMARY West Nile Virus was introduced into the Western Hemisphere during the late
summer of 1999 and has been causing significant and sometimes severe human diseases …

Chemokines, binding their various G protein-coupled receptors, lead the way for leukocytes
in health and inflammation. Yet chemokine receptor expression is not limited to leukocytes …

Post-translational modification of chemokines mediated by the dipeptidyl peptidase DPP4
(CD26) has been shown to negatively regulate lymphocyte trafficking, and its inhibition …