BACKGROUND: Chronic spinal pain is the most prevalent chronic disease with employment
of multiple modes of interventional techniques including epidural interventions. Multiple …

Degeneration of the intervertebral discs (IVDs) is a major contributor to back, neck and
radicular pain. IVD degeneration is characterized by increases in levels of the …

The Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) has an
ongoing effort to create evidence-based practice guidelines for orthopaedic physical therapy …

Background: Opioid use, abuse, and adverse consequences, including death, have
escalated at an alarming rate since the 1990s. In an attempt to control opioid abuse …

Background: Chronic axial spinal pain is one of the major causes of significant disability and
health care costs, with facet joints as one of the proven causes of pain. Objective: To provide …

The purpose of this comprehensive review is to describe various aspects of crisis of opioid
use in the United States. The obstacles that must be surmounted are primarily inappropriate …

OBJECTIVE: To develop evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for interventional
techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic spinal pain. METHODOLOGY …

Neck pain is the fourth leading cause of disability. 1 Adult population (ages 15–74 years)
shows a point prevalence ranging from 5.9% 2 to 38.7%. 3 The 1-year prevalence of neck …

Shoulder pain is very common, and it causes substantial morbidity. Standardised
classification systems based upon presumed patho-anatomical origins have proved poorly …

Neck pain is becoming increasingly common throughout the world. It has a considerable
impact on individuals and their families, communities, health-care systems, and businesses …