Although long-term memory consolidation is supported by sleep, it is unclear how it differs
from that during wakefulness. Our review, focusing on recent advances in the field, identifies …

Sleep is crucial for healthy cognition, including memory. The two main phases of sleep, REM
(rapid eye movement) and non-REM sleep, are associated with characteristic …

Learning and plasticity rely on fine-tuned regulation of neuronal circuits during offline
periods. An unresolved puzzle is how the sleeping brain, in the absence of external …

Hippocampus is the significant component of the limbic lobe, which is further subdivided into
the dentate gyrus and parts of Cornu Ammonis. It is the crucial region for learning and …

BACKGROUND The idea that memory is stored as enduring changes in the brain dates
back at least to the time of Plato and Aristotle (circa 350 BCE), but its scientific articulation …

Long-term memory formation is a major function of sleep. Based on evidence from
neurophysiological and behavioral studies mainly in humans and rodents, we consider the …

Network dynamics have been proposed as a mechanistic substrate for the information
transfer across cortical and hippocampal circuits. However, little is known about the …

Sleep spindles are burstlike signals in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of the sleeping
mammalian brain and electrical surface correlates of neuronal oscillations in thalamus. As …

Summary Gamma oscillations (∼ 30–150 Hz) are widespread correlates of neural circuit
functions. These network activity patterns have been described across multiple animal …

The consolidation of spatial memory depends on the reactivation ('replay') of hippocampal
place cells that were active during recent behaviour. Such reactivation is observed during …