Background Transcranial direct current stimulation has shown promising clinical results,
leading to increased demand for an evidence-based review on its clinical effects. Objective …

A group of European experts was commissioned by the European Chapter of the
International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology to gather knowledge about the state of …

Low intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) in humans, encompassing transcranial
direct current (tDCS), transcutaneous spinal Direct Current Stimulation (tsDCS), transcranial …

Background Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown mixed results for
depression treatment. Objective To perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of trials …

We examined the efficacy and acceptability of non-invasive brain stimulation in adult
unipolar and bipolar depression. Randomised sham-controlled trials of transcranial direct …

Importance The placebo effect in depression clinical trials is a substantial factor associated
with failure to establish efficacy of novel and repurposed treatments. However, the …

Neuroplasticity, which is the dynamic structural and functional reorganization of central
nervous system connectivity due to environmental and internal demands, is recognized as a …

Importance Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is moderately effective for
depression when applied by trained staff. It is not known whether self-applied tDCS …

Transcranial direct cranial stimulation (tDCS) is a promising non-pharmacological
intervention for treating major depressive disorder (MDD). However, results from …

Background Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a potential alternative treatment
option for major depressive episodes (MDE). Objectives We address the efficacy and safety …