The nucleus accumbens is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and integrates
information from cortical and limbic structures to mediate goal-directed behaviors. Chronic …

There is increasing interest among functional neurosurgeons in the potential for novel
therapies to impact upon diseases beyond movement disorders and pain. A target of …

Cocaine craving, seeking, and relapse are mediated, in part, by cocaine-induced adaptive
changes in the brain reward circuits. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) integrates and …

Striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) are central for the processing and reinforcement of
reward‐related behaviors that are negatively affected in states of altered dopamine …

The neurobiological processes by which ethanol seeking and consumption are established
and maintained are thought to involve areas of the brain that mediate motivated behavior …

Central nervous system cholinergic neurons arise from several discrete sources, project to
multiple brain regions, and exert specific effects on reward, learning, and memory. These …

Cocaine use disorder and methamphetamine use disorder are chronic, relapsing disorders
with no US Food and Drug Administration-approved interventions. Repetitive transcranial …

The substantial health risk posed by obesity and compulsive drug use has compelled a
serious research effort to identify the neurobiological substrates that underlie the …

Background No medications have been proven to be effective for cocaine and
methamphetamine addiction. Attenuation of drug reward has been the main strategy for …

Striatal cholinergic interneurons located in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens are
amenable to influences of the dopaminergic mesolimbic pathway, which is a pathway …