Escherichia coli is the predominant nonpathogenic facultative flora of the human intestine.
Some E. coli strains, however, have developed the ability to cause disease of the …

Many species of ganglioside GM1, differing for the sialic acid and ceramide content, have
been characterized and their physico-chemical properties have been studied in detail since …

Escherichia coli is usually a non-pathogenic member of the human colonic flora. However,
certain strains have acquired virulence factors and may cause a variety of infections in …

Cholera toxin (CT) is an AB5 hexameric protein responsible for the symptoms produced by
Vibrio cholerae infection. In the first step of cell intoxication, the B‐pentamer of the toxin …

Bacterial ADP-ribosyltransferase toxins (bARTTs) transfer ADP-ribose to eukaryotic proteins
to promote bacterial pathogenesis. In this Review, we use prototype bARTTs, such as …

Cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) is the nontoxic portion of cholera toxin. Its affinity to the
monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) that is broadly distributed in a variety of cell types …

Background Pertussis toxin is an exotoxin of the AB class produced by Bordetella pertussis.
The holotoxin comprises 952 residues forming six subunits (five different sequences, S1 …

Lectins comprise a structurally very diverse class of proteins characterized by their ability to
bind carbohydrates with considerable specificity. They are found in organisms ranging from …

The clinical manifestations of cholera are largely attributable to the actions of a secreted
hexameric AB5enterotoxin (choleragen). We have independently solved and refined the …

Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins are among the most potent toxins to humans. The crystal
structures of intact C. botulinum neurotoxin type B (BoNT/B) and its complex with …