Background The distributions of ticks and tick-borne pathogens are thought to have changed
rapidly over the last two decades, with their ranges expanding into new regions. This …

The turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries brought changes in the range of many
pathogens and their vectors. An example is the Dermacentor reticulatus tick. So far …

Background Urbanization process around the world has not only changed the patterns of
land use, but also fragmented the habitat, resulting in significantly biodiversity loss. Urban …

Migratory birds play an important role in the eco-epidemiology of tick-borne diseases due to
their ability to carry ticks for long distances. The aim of the present study was to investigate …

In recent years, the distribution of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks has expanded into new
territories in many European countries, including Poland, with increased population …

Dermacentor reticulatus ticks are one of the most important vectors and reservoirs of tick-
borne pathogens in Europe. Changes in the abundance and range of this species have …

Digital maps, particularly displayed on virtual globes, will represent the most important
source of geographical knowledge in the future. The best known of these virtual globes is …

In recent years, significant changes have been observed in the distribution and abundance
of local Dermacentor reticulatus populations. However, changes in D. reticulatus dynamics …

Rivers are an important mediator between human activities and the natural environment.
They provide multiple functions, including irrigation, transportation, food supply, recreation …