Music consists of sound sequences that require integration over time. As we become familiar
with music, associations between notes, melodies, and entire symphonic movements …

High vocal center (HVC) is part of the premotor pathway necessary for song production and
is also a primary source of input to the anterior forebrain pathway (AFP), a basal ganglia …

Recent advances in anatomical, physiological and histochemical characterization of avian
basal ganglia neurons and circuitry have revealed remarkable similarities to mammalian …

Mechanism is at the heart of understanding, and this chapter addresses underlying brain
mechanisms and pathways of cognition and the impact of sleep on these processes …

Motor skills can be maintained for decades, but the biological basis of this memory
persistence remains largely unknown. The zebra finch, for example, sings a highly …

Many studies in animals and humans suggest that sleep facilitates learning, memory
consolidation, and retrieval. Moreover, sleep deprivation (SD) incurred after learning …

As critical as waking brain function is to cognition, an extensive literature now indicates that
sleep supports equally important, different, yet complementary operations. This review will …

Memory reactivations and replay, widely reported in the hippocampus and cortex across
species, have been implicated in memory consolidation, planning, and spatial and skill …

Behavioural studies widely implicate sleep in memory consolidation in the learning of a
broad range of behaviours,,,. During sleep, brain regions are reactivated,, and specific …

The default mode network (DMN) is believed to subserve the baseline mental activity in
humans. Its higher energy consumption compared to other brain networks and its intimate …