Prescription opioid use disorder (POUD) has reached epidemic proportions in the United
States, raising an urgent need for diagnostic biological tools that can improve predictions of …

Background Florida, the epicenter of the recent prescription drug epidemic in the United
States, maintains a statewide drug mortality surveillance system. We evaluated yearly …

Psychoactive illicit drugs are widely used all over the world. Due to the high demand for illicit
drugs, adulteration of substances with poisonous and active pharmaceutical ingredients is a …

Background: Street-level heroin is one of the most abused drugs in Iran. Law enforcement
agencies and police try to seize illicit heroin and ban the trafficking of this opioid …

A rapid method has been developed to analyse morphine, codeine, morphine-3-
glucuronide, 6-monoacetylmorphine, cocaine, benzoylegonine, buprenorphine …

In illicit drug markets, the price and purity of drugs change frequently. While it is well known
that purity-adjusted price affects drug use, impacts on other outcomes are less clear. This …

Background The use of illicit substances represents one of the most difficult problems to
confront in the health system. Drug use is a global problem but is not uniform throughout the …

Abstract Background & Aims Heroin use is associated with a disproportionately high level of
morbidity and mortality with most deaths attributable to drug overdose. Aggregate heroin …

Turkey has continuously experienced problems with abuse of, and addiction to, opium
derivatives. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between heroin overdose deaths and …

Nyaope is a local adulterated drug that contributes significantly to the psychosocial
challenge of substance use in South Africa. Despite being a huge burden on society and the …