Introduction Half the world population lives in cities and this is likely to increase to 70% over
the next 20 years. Suboptimal urban and transport planning has led to eg high levels of air …

Background Non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease is a major cause of global morbidity
and mortality. Malnourished children, those with recent malaria or sickle-cell anaemia, and …

Background Air pollution is a major planetary health risk, with India estimated to have some
of the worst levels globally. To inform action at subnational levels in India, we estimated the …

Loneliness and social isolation are associated with poor mental and physical health and
may increase the likelihood of common mental disorders (depressive and anxiety disorders) …

Background Long-term exposure to ambient and household particulate matter (PM2. 5)
causes death and health loss, and both are the leading risk factor to global disease burden …

Chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2. 5) poses a major global health risk,
commonly assessed by assuming equivalent toxicity for different PM 2. 5 constituents. We …

Background Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and
quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is …

Background Efforts to quantify the global burden of enteric fever are valuable for
understanding the health lost and the large-scale spatial distribution of the disease. We …

Substantial global effort has been devoted to curtailing the tobacco epidemic over the past
two decades, especially after the adoption of the Framework Convention on Tobacco …

China's nationwide ozone monitoring network initiated in 2013 has observed severe surface
ozone pollution. This network, combined with the recent Tropospheric Ozone Assessment …