African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, highly contagious, and deadly infectious disease. The
mortality rate of the most acute and acute ASF infection is almost 100%. The World …

African swine fever (ASF) is an acute and often fatal disease affecting domestic pigs and
wild boar, with severe economic consequences for affected countries. ASF is endemic in sub …

The interferon (IFN) system is an extremely powerful antiviral response that is capable of
controlling most, if not all, virus infections in the absence of adaptive immunity. However …

The expression of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) by immune and tissue cells provides
the host with the ability to detect and respond to infection by viruses and other …

The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors plays a central part in the host
response to infection by microbial pathogens, by orchestrating the innate and acquired host …

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and acute hemorrhagic viral disease with a
high mortality approaching 100% in domestic pigs. ASF is an endemic in countries in sub …

Response to IFN involves a rapid and direct signal transduction mechanism that quickly
reports that presence of extracellular cytokine to the cell nucleus, preserving the specificity …

RNA viruses are the only known RNA-protein (RNP) entities capable of autonomous
replication (albeit within a permissive host environment). A 33.5 kilobase (kb) nidovirus has …

Viral and microbial constituents contain specific motifs or pathogen-associated molecular
patterns (PAMPs) that are recognized by cell surface-and endosome-associated Toll-like …

The innate immune system responds within minutes of infection to produce type I interferons
and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interferons induce the synthesis of cell proteins with …