Diabetes mellitus, which affects more than 463 million people globally, is caused by the
autoimmune ablation or functional loss of insulin-producing β-cells, and prevalence is …

Present-day treatments for people that are insulin dependent require multiple insulin
injections, sometimes with an insulin pump, coupled with regular blood glucose monitoring …

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with defective insulin secretion and reduced β cell
mass. Available treatments provide a temporary reprieve, but secondary failure rates are …

Developing a miniaturized, low-cost, and smart closed-loop system for diabetes could
significantly improve life quality and benefit millions of people. Conventional closed-loop …

Gut stem cells are accessible by biopsy and propagate robustly in culture, offering an
invaluable resource for autologous cell therapies. Insulin-producing cells can be induced in …

This review focuses on the human pancreatic islet—including its structure, cell composition,
development, function, and dysfunction. After providing a historical timeline of key …

Generation of surrogate cells with stable functional identities is crucial for developing cell-
based therapies. Efforts to produce insulin-secreting replacement cells to treat diabetes …

The pancreatic duodenum homeobox-1 (PDX-1) is a transcription factor encoded by a Hox-
like homeodomain gene that plays a crucial role in pancreatic development, β-cell …

The cellular identity of pancreatic polypeptide (Ppy)-expressing γ-cells, one of the rarest
pancreatic islet cell-type, remains elusive. Within islets, glucagon and somatostatin …

The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased in recent decades, and
its 5-year survival rate is less than 20%. As a well-established precursor, patients with …