A critical aspect of evolution is the layer of developmental physiology that operates between
the genotype and the anatomical phenotype. While much work has addressed the evolution …

The remarkable anatomical homeostasis exhibited by complex living organisms suggests
that they are inherently reprogrammable information-processing systems that offer …

Abstract Crick's Central Dogma has been a foundational aspect of 20th century biology,
describing an implicit relationship governing the flow of information in biological systems in …

A defining feature of biology is the use of a multiscale architecture, ranging from molecular
networks to cells, tissues, organs, whole bodies, and swarms. Crucially however, biology is …

The applicability of computational models to the biological world is an active topic of debate.
We argue that a useful path forward results from abandoning hard boundaries between …

Biological genotypes do not code directly for phenotypes; developmental physiology is the
control layer that separates genomes from capacities ascertained by selection. A key aspect …

Recent papers have emphasized the primary role of cellular information management in
biological and evolutionary development. In this framework, intelligent cells collectively …

Cells evolved some 4 billion years ago, and since then the integrity of the structural and
functional continuity of cellular life has been maintained via highly conserved and ancient …

Brains implement some of the most complex functions of living systems including
intelligence, decision-making, learning, and sentience, which is the capacity for subjective …

This review highlights the relationship between the metabolism of reactive oxygen species
(ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and H2S-reactive sulfur species (RSS). These three …